The capital of Sudan, Khartoum State, home to approximately 7 million people, grappled with a daily production of roughly 6,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste. However, in 2013, the city faced significant challenges with its waste management infrastructure. Collection services proved inadequate, with only 65% of the generated waste being effectively collected while collection vehicles were insufficient and poorly maintained. Consequently, streets became strewn with uncollected waste, exacerbating sanitary issues, particularly in low-income residential areas. Furthermore, there existed a concerning lack of awareness among residents regarding proper solid waste management practices.